Crawling
Search engines scan websites using automated bots.
which it helps get the information that what is it that you are looking for. it starts fetching and examining the url, what you search, then it retrieves the html content of the page. after that it extrect link to another page. it basically to get data so you known when to search for.Indexing
They store information in a large database.
and how it is organised, it stored efficiently and also retrieve information from a large data they get. it also collects raw web data which makes thing runs and opreate faster.Search algorithm
They decide which results are most relevant. their a lot to talk about with this topic. Many big company have search algorithm, that many people don't know about. a big comapany is tiktok for example, the more video you watch and the more video you like, your search algorithm, will pop up more video that you like, another one is twitter and youtube, which it is common. it take the most relevant of the those are some of the searches. everyday you will have the same or different algorithm.